As of my last update in January 2022, the list of the top 10 most endangered species on Earth can vary depending on factors such as habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and other human activities. However, here are some species that have been consistently cited as highly endangered:

1. Vaquita (Phocoena sinus): The vaquita, a small porpoise native to the Gulf of California, is critically endangered with only a few individuals remaining. It faces threats primarily from illegal fishing practices, especially gill nets set for another critically endangered species, the totoaba fish.
2. Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus): This species is one of the most endangered rhinoceros species, with only around 70 individuals remaining in one small population in Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia. Poaching and habitat loss are the primary threats.
3. Northern White Rhino (Ceratotherium simum cottoni): Functionally extinct in the wild, with only two females remaining, both in captivity. Poaching for their horns has driven this subspecies to the brink of extinction.
4. Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis): This critically endangered leopard subspecies is native to the temperate forests of the Russian Far East and parts of northeastern China. With only around 100 individuals remaining, it faces threats from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict.
5. Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei): Found in the mountainous regions of Central Africa, mountain gorillas are critically endangered, with around 1,000 individuals remaining. Habitat destruction, poaching, and human encroachment are significant threats to their survival.
6. Yangtze Giant Softshell Turtle (Rafetus swinhoei): With only three individuals known to exist (one in the wild and two in captivity), this species is one of the world’s most critically endangered turtles. Habitat loss, pollution, and hunting have pushed this species to the brink of extinction.
7. Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus): Found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, the Sumatran elephant is critically endangered due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and human-wildlife conflict. It is estimated that only around 2,400 to 2,800 individuals remain in the wild.
8. Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis): Also known as the Asian unicorn, the saola is a rare and elusive mammal found in the Annamite Mountains of Vietnam and Laos. It is critically endangered due to habitat loss, hunting, and accidental bycatch in snares set for other species.
9. Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata): This sea turtle species is critically endangered due to habitat loss, poaching for their shells, and accidental capture in fishing gear. Their populations have declined significantly in recent decades.
10. Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii): Found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, the Sumatran orangutan is critically endangered due to habitat loss from deforestation, illegal logging, and conversion of forests for agriculture. It is estimated that fewer than 14,000 individuals remain in the wild.

Efforts to conserve these species include habitat protection, anti-poaching measures, captive breeding programs, and community-based conservation initiatives.